英文合同常用的虚词1. Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则：Here代表this，there代表that，where代表which或what即here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or whatHereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意
Herein：in this
此中，于此
Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文
通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用
Hereof：of this
关于此点，在本文件中
Hereunder：under this. 本文件规定
Hereto：to this.本文件的
Thereof：of that.它的，其
Thereto：to that 与之，向那里
Herewith：with this.与此，附此
Thereby：by that means.因此，由此，从而Thereafter: after that，afterwards.此后
Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里;在那点上;在那方面
Therewith：with that.以此;此外
Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc. 凭此协议，凭此条款等
2. WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, Know All Men by these presents，In witness Whereof, In Testimony Whereof, Undersigned.WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore用于英文合同前言部分，In witness Whereof用于合同结尾证明部分，在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及，恕不赘述
In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof. 以此为证，特立此证
NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS: 兹特立约为据, 本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项
KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根据本文件，特此宣布
(通常用于前言部分)Undersigned: 法律文件末尾的签名者,前面加定冠词the,是指文件签署者的自称
3. Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite. 即使，尽管
4. As合同英语中as出现的频率极高，而且用法灵活多变，是典型的自由人
在某种意义上讲，as使用的熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的造诣
As 放在代表规定的provide，stipulate，set forth，prescribe等词的过去分词前，含义为“依照某某规定”
例1：For purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted hypothetically as provided for in Section 4.6 herein.基于此，应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资金账户
另有Except as otherwise provided结构，表示“除非本文/某条款另有规定”
As构成：as the case may be(视具体情况而定)，as the case may require(视具体要求而定)和 as the Venturers may determine等短语
As构成as of the date of ____ (date) 短语是英语合同中表示“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表达
As还用在as soon as practical短语中，意义用法相当于as soon as possible.As与 such连用是英文合同中一大特色，参看本书第二章第三节部分，在此不在赘述
5. foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned, in question Foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned一族，一般放在名词前作限定，意为“前述的”或“上述的”，为避免重复已经提到的姓名或名称
In question: under consideration; being talk about. 通常表示“在考虑或讨论中的”某件事或某个问题，可译为“这”或“该”问题
6. follows, as below, the following这一族都表示“下列”，一般放在动词后，而the following作为“下列”在英文合同中用的较少
这样的例子俯手皆是，恐怕每个英文合同都少不了的
7. according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant to, in compliance with这一族都表示“依照，根据”合同的约定或者法律的规定
其中尤以“according to”最不正式，自然用的最少了，而“in accordance with”最为常见
8. Including but not limited to与including, without limitation以及including by way of illustration but not limitation英文合同表达“包括但不限于”时，就会用到这几个短语
9. prior to, no later than, on or before，on and after，prior to, on or before，no later than, on or after常用在英文合同中限定日期，prior to表示“某日之前，提前多少日”
on or before, no(not) later than,表示“不迟于”，On and after表示“从某日起”
10.Without prejudice to Without prejudice to,常用于英文合同中，表示在“不损害某规定/情况下”
11.Attributable to, due to, owing to, by virtue of, in view of, because of, on account of，considering, in consideration of这一组短语出现在英文合同中都表示“因为”，其中due to，owing to，because of较不正式，很少使用