H.264原始码流（又称为“裸流”）是由一个一个的NALU组成的
他们的结构如下图所示
其中每个NALU之间通过startcode（起始码）进行分隔，起始码分成两种：0x000001（3Byte）或者0x00000001（4Byte）
如果NALU对应的Slice为一帧的开始就用0x00000001，否则就用0x000001
H.264码流解析的步骤就是首先从码流中搜索0x000001和0x00000001，分离出NALU；然后再分析NALU的各个字段
本文的程序即实现了上述的两个步骤
整个程序位于simplest_h264_parser()函数中，如下所示#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>typedef enum {NALU_TYPE_SLICE = 1,NALU_TYPE_DPA = 2,NALU_TYPE_DPB = 3,NALU_TYPE_DPC = 4,NALU_TYPE_IDR = 5,NALU_TYPE_SEI = 6,NALU_TYPE_SPS = 7,NALU_TYPE_PPS = 8,NALU_TYPE_AUD = 9,NALU_TYPE_EOSEQ = 10,NALU_TYPE_EOSTREAM = 11,NALU_TYPE_FILL = 12,} NaluType;typedef enum {NALU_PRIORITY_DISPOSABLE = 0,NALU_PRIRITY_LOW = 1,NALU_PRIORITY_HIGH = 2,NALU_PRIORITY_HIGHEST = 3} NaluPriority;typedef struct{int startcodeprefix_len; //! 4 for parameter sets and first slice in picture, 3 for everything else (suggested)unsigned len; //! Length of the NAL unit (Excluding the start code, which does not belong to the NALU)unsigned max_size; //! Nal Unit Buffer sizeint forbidden_bit; //! should be always FALSEint nal_reference_idc; //! NALU_PRIORITY_xxxxint nal_unit_type; //! NALU_TYPE_xxxx char buf; //! contains the first byte followed by the EBSP} NALU_t;FILE h264bitstream = NULL; //!< the bit stream fileint info2=0, info3=0;static int FindStartCode2 (unsigned char Buf){if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=1) return 0; //0x000001?else return 1;}static int FindStartCode3 (unsigned char Buf){if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=0 || Buf[3] !=1) return 0;//0x00000001?else return 1;}int GetAnnexbNALU (NALU_t nalu){int pos = 0;int StartCodeFound, rewind;unsigned char Buf;if ((Buf = (unsigned char)calloc (nalu->max_size , sizeof(char))) == NULL) printf ("GetAnnexbNALU: Could not allocate Buf memory\n");nalu->startcodeprefix_len=3;if (3 != fread (Buf, 1, 3, h264bitstream)){free(Buf);return 0;}info2 = FindStartCode2 (Buf);if(info2 != 1) {if(1 != fread(Buf+3, 1, 1, h264bitstream)){free(Buf);return 0;}info3 = FindStartCode3 (Buf);if (info3 != 1){ free(Buf);return -1;}else {pos = 4;nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 4;}}else{nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 3;pos = 3;}StartCodeFound = 0;info2 = 0;info3 = 0;while (!StartCodeFound){if (feof (h264bitstream)){nalu->len = (pos-1)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len;memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len); nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //1 bitnalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; // 2 bitnalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;// 5 bitfree(Buf);return pos-1;}Buf[pos++] = fgetc (h264bitstream);info3 = FindStartCode3(&Buf[pos-4]);if(info3 != 1)info2 = FindStartCode2(&Buf[pos-3]);StartCodeFound = (info2 == 1 || info3 == 1);}// Here, we have found another start code (and read length of startcode bytes more than we should// have. Hence, go back in the filerewind = (info3 == 1)? -4 : -3;if (0 != fseek (h264bitstream, rewind, SEEK_CUR)){free(Buf);printf("GetAnnexbNALU: Cannot fseek in the bit stream file");}// Here the Start code, the complete NALU, and the next start code is in the Buf. // The size of Buf is pos, pos+rewind are the number of bytes excluding the next// start code, and (pos+rewind)-startcodeprefix_len is the size of the NALU excluding the start codenalu->len = (pos+rewind)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len;memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len);//nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //1 bitnalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; // 2 bitnalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;// 5 bitfree(Buf);return (pos+rewind);}/ Analysis H.264 Bitstream @param url Location of input H.264 bitstream file. /int simplest_h264_parser(char url){NALU_t n;int buffersize=100000;//FILE myout=fopen("output_log.txt","wb+");FILE myout=stdout;h264bitstream=fopen(url, "rb+");if (h264bitstream==NULL){printf("Open file error\n");return 0;}n = (NALU_t)calloc (1, sizeof (NALU_t));if (n == NULL){printf("Alloc NALU Error\n");return 0;}n->max_size=buffersize;n->buf = (char)calloc (buffersize, sizeof (char));if (n->buf == NULL){free (n);printf ("AllocNALU: n->buf");return 0;}int data_offset=0;int nal_num=0;printf("-----+-------- NALU Table ------+---------+\n");printf(" NUM | POS | IDC | TYPE | LEN |\n");printf("-----+---------+--------+-------+---------+\n");while(!feof(h264bitstream)) {int data_lenth;data_lenth=GetAnnexbNALU(n);char type_str[20]={0};switch(n->nal_unit_type){case NALU_TYPE_SLICE:sprintf(type_str,"SLICE");break;case NALU_TYPE_DPA:sprintf(type_str,"DPA");break;case NALU_TYPE_DPB:sprintf(type_str,"DPB");break;case NALU_TYPE_DPC:sprintf(type_str,"DPC");break;case NALU_TYPE_IDR:sprintf(type_str,"IDR");break;case NALU_TYPE_SEI:sprintf(type_str,"SEI");break;case NALU_TYPE_SPS:sprintf(type_str,"SPS");break;case NALU_TYPE_PPS:sprintf(type_str,"PPS");break;case NALU_TYPE_AUD:sprintf(type_str,"AUD");break;case NALU_TYPE_EOSEQ:sprintf(type_str,"EOSEQ");break;case NALU_TYPE_EOSTREAM:sprintf(type_str,"EOSTREAM");break;case NALU_TYPE_FILL:sprintf(type_str,"FILL");break;}char idc_str[20]={0};switch(n->nal_reference_idc>>5){case NALU_PRIORITY_DISPOSABLE:sprintf(idc_str,"DISPOS");break;case NALU_PRIRITY_LOW:sprintf(idc_str,"LOW");break;case NALU_PRIORITY_HIGH:sprintf(idc_str,"HIGH");break;case NALU_PRIORITY_HIGHEST:sprintf(idc_str,"HIGHEST");break;}fprintf(myout,"%5d| %8d| %7s| %6s| %8d|\n",nal_num,data_offset,idc_str,type_str,n->len);data_offset=data_offset+data_lenth;nal_num++;}//Freeif (n){if (n->buf){free(n->buf);n->buf=NULL;}free (n);}return 0;}————————————————本文为「雷霄骅」博士文章，向博士致敬